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TH250斗式提升機(jī)全套畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
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- TH250斗式提升機(jī)全套 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
目 錄
1前言·································································································································1
2 本課題介紹及設(shè)計(jì)理論·································································································2
2.1 概述······························································································································2
2.2 斗式提升機(jī)的工作原理······························································································2
2.2.1斗式提升機(jī)分類·········································································································2
2.2.2斗式提升機(jī)的裝載和卸載························································································2
2.2.3常用斗提機(jī)選用及相關(guān)計(jì)算···························································································3
2.2.4斗式提升機(jī)的主要部件···························································································5
2.2.5斗式提升機(jī)的工作原理···························································································6
3. 提升機(jī)主要參數(shù)確定及主要結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)········································································8
3.1 提升功率的確定··········································································································8
3.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)選擇··················································································································9
3.3 減速機(jī)選擇··················································································································9
3.4驅(qū)動(dòng)軸設(shè)計(jì)及附件的選擇···························································································9
3.4.1 軸的材料及熱處理···································································································9
3.4.2 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)···········································································································9
3.4.3 軸的強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算·································································································10
3.4.4 軸承選用·················································································································12
3.4.5鍵的設(shè)計(jì)校核·················································································································13
3.5聯(lián)軸器的選擇································································································13
3.6驅(qū)動(dòng)鏈輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)···························································································15
3.7提升機(jī)主要參數(shù)的計(jì)算····························································································15
3.8頭部罩殼的選材及連接····································································································16
3.9中部區(qū)段的設(shè)計(jì)選材········································································································16
3.10料斗與環(huán)鏈的設(shè)計(jì)··························································································17
4 結(jié)論·······························································································································19
參考文獻(xiàn)···························································································································20
致謝···································································································································21
附錄···································································································································22
1 前言
斗式提升機(jī)廣泛用于垂直輸送各種散狀物料，國內(nèi)斗提機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)是50年代由前蘇聯(lián)引進(jìn)的,直到80年代幾乎沒有大的發(fā)展。自80年代以后,隨著國家改革開放和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,一些大型及重點(diǎn)工程項(xiàng)目從國外引進(jìn)了一定數(shù)量的斗提機(jī),從而促進(jìn)了國內(nèi)斗提機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。有關(guān)斗提機(jī)的部頒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JB3926—85及按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的TD、TH及TB系列斗提機(jī)的相繼問世,使我國斗提機(jī)技術(shù)水平向前邁了一大步, 但由于產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、原材料、加工工藝和制造水平等方面的原因,使產(chǎn)品在實(shí)際使用中技術(shù)性能、傳遞扭矩、壽命、可靠性和噪聲等與國際先進(jìn)水平相比仍存在相當(dāng)大的差距。
斗式提升機(jī)按牽引形式主要分為膠帶式、圓環(huán)鏈?zhǔn)胶桶彐準(zhǔn)饺N,因經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、技術(shù)水平及使用習(xí)慣等原因,國內(nèi)用戶對圓環(huán)鏈?zhǔn)胶湍z帶式斗提機(jī)需求量較大,這兩種斗提機(jī)的技術(shù)發(fā)展受到較多的關(guān)注,而且有較為明顯的發(fā)展。TH型是一種圓環(huán)鏈斗式提升機(jī)，采用混合式或重力卸料，挖取式裝料。牽引件用優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼高度圓環(huán)鏈。中部機(jī)殼分單、雙通道兩種形式為機(jī)內(nèi)重錘箱恒力自動(dòng)張緊。鏈輪采用可換輪緣組合式結(jié)構(gòu)。使用壽命長，輪緣更換工作簡便。下部采用重力自動(dòng)張緊裝置，能保持恒定的張緊力，避免打滑或脫鏈，同時(shí)料斗遇到偶然因素引起的卡殼現(xiàn)象時(shí)有一定的容讓性，能夠有效地保護(hù)下部軸等部件。該斗式提升機(jī)適用于輸送堆積密度小于1.5t/m3易于掏取的粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀的底磨琢性物料。如煤、水泥、碎石、砂子、化肥、糧食等。TH型斗式提升機(jī)用于各種散狀物料的垂直輸送。適用于輸送粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀物料，物料溫度在250℃以下。
2. 本課題介紹及設(shè)計(jì)理論
2.1 概述
此次設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)是研究TH250斗式提升機(jī)的工作原理、性能和特點(diǎn)，采用理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的方法，研究影響斗式提升機(jī)效率的影響因素，進(jìn)行必要的結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)，提出結(jié)構(gòu)的方案并實(shí)施設(shè)計(jì)。同時(shí)，進(jìn)行相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工藝參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算、總體方案設(shè)計(jì)，總體裝配以及傳動(dòng)、機(jī)體等部件和相關(guān)零部件設(shè)計(jì)及繪圖。主要設(shè)計(jì)方案如下：
1） 對斗式提升機(jī)的工作原理進(jìn)行深入研究，根據(jù)TH250斗式提升機(jī)的工作能力和使用要求，設(shè)計(jì)出總體方案。
2） 設(shè)計(jì)出合理的提升機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和零件的強(qiáng)度，保證運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性。
3） 設(shè)計(jì)出合理的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，保證運(yùn)行的高效性。。
該項(xiàng)目來源于江蘇海建集團(tuán)， TH斗式提升機(jī)具有輸送量大，提升高度高，運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)可靠，操作維修簡便，壽命長等顯著特點(diǎn)。斗式提升機(jī)適用于輸送粉狀，粒狀和小塊狀的低磨琢性物性，物料堆積密度小于1.5t/m ,物料溫度不超過250℃，廣泛應(yīng)用于水泥提升機(jī)械。
2.2 斗式提升機(jī)的工作原理
2.2.1斗式提升機(jī)分類
1）按牽引件分類：
斗式提升機(jī)的牽引構(gòu)件有環(huán)鏈、板鏈和膠帶等幾種。環(huán)鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)和制造比較簡單，與料斗的連接也很牢固，輸送磨琢性大的物料時(shí)，鏈條的磨損較小，但其自重較大。板鏈結(jié)構(gòu)比較牢固，自重較輕，適用于提升量大的提升機(jī)，但鉸接接頭易被磨損，膠帶的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，但不適宜輸送磨琢性大的物料，普通膠帶物料溫度不超過60°C，鋼繩膠帶允許物料溫度達(dá)80°C，耐熱膠帶允許物料溫度達(dá)120°C，環(huán)鏈、板鏈輸送物料的溫度可達(dá)250°C。斗提機(jī)最廣泛使用的是帶式(TD)，環(huán)鏈?zhǔn)?TH)兩種型式。用于輸送散裝水泥時(shí)大多采用深型料斗。如TD型帶式斗提機(jī)采用離心式卸料或混合式卸料適用于堆積密度小于1．5t／m3的粉狀、粒狀物料。TH環(huán)鏈斗提機(jī)采用混合式或重力式卸料用于輸送堆和密度小于1．5t／m3的粉狀、粒狀物料。
2）按卸載方式分類：
斗式提升機(jī)可分為：離心式卸料、重力式卸料和混合式卸料等三種形式。離心式卸料的斗速較快，適用于輸送粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀等磨琢性小的物料；重力式卸料的斗速較慢，適用于輸送塊狀的，比重較大的，磨琢性大的物料，如石灰石、熟料等。
2.2.2斗式提升機(jī)的裝載和卸載
斗式提升機(jī)的裝載方式有三種，即注入式裝載（見圖2-1）、挖取式裝載（見圖2-2）和混合式裝載。注入式裝載要求散料以微小建度均勻地落入料斗中，形成比較穩(wěn)定的料流，裝料口下部應(yīng)有一定的高度，采用該方式裝載時(shí)一般料斗布置較密；料斗在牽引件上布置較稀時(shí)多采用挖取式裝載，只能用于輸送粉狀或小顆粒流動(dòng)性良好物料的場合，斗速運(yùn)行速度在2m／s以下，介于兩者之間采用混合式裝載。
卸載方式有離心式、重力式及混合式三種。
離心式卸料料斗的運(yùn)行速度較高，通常取為1—2m/s。如欲保持這種卸載必須正確選擇驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的轉(zhuǎn)速和直徑，以及卸料口的位置。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：在一定的料斗速度下驅(qū)動(dòng)輪尺寸為最小；卸料位置較高，各料斗之間的距離可以減小，并可提高卸料管高度，當(dāng)卸料高度一定時(shí)，提升機(jī)的高度就可減��；缺點(diǎn)是：料斗的填充系數(shù)較小，對所提升的物料有一定的要求，只適用于流動(dòng)性好的粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀物料。
重力式卸載使用于卸載塊狀、半磨琢性或磨琢性大的物料，料斗運(yùn)行速度為0.4—0.8m/s左右，需配用帶導(dǎo)向槽的料斗。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：料斗裝填良好，料斗尺寸與極距的大小無關(guān)。因此允許在較大的料斗運(yùn)行速度之下應(yīng)用大容積的料斗；主要缺點(diǎn)是：物料拋出位置較低，故必須增加提升機(jī)機(jī)頭的高度。
物料在料斗的內(nèi)壁之間被拋卸出去，這種卸載方式稱為離心—重力式卸載。常用于卸載流動(dòng)性不良的粉狀物料及含水分物料。料斗的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度為0.6—0.8m/s范圍，常用鏈條做牽引構(gòu)件。 ...
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