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舊數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)行改造的設(shè)計(jì)論文
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- 舊數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)行改造的設(shè)計(jì)論文
摘 要
本文闡述了一種對舊數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)行改造的設(shè)計(jì)與工程實(shí)踐的方法，該方法已經(jīng)過實(shí)際應(yīng)用的驗(yàn)證，可以用于類似情況下對數(shù)控銑床的改造實(shí)踐。
課題研究選擇銑床改裝領(lǐng)域中，舊數(shù)控銑床改裝這一少有問津的題目；對象是針對一臺(tái)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基本報(bào)廢的、機(jī)械系統(tǒng)尚處于可用狀態(tài)的舊數(shù)控銑床；目的為將其改造成為一臺(tái)功能比較完善，操作簡單，使其精度、效率和自動(dòng)化程度得到較大提升，更好的適應(yīng)新工藝、新技術(shù)使用；并進(jìn)而探索出一條舊數(shù)控銑床改造的新路，使具有較高剩余價(jià)值的老舊設(shè)備重新發(fā)揮作用，為開辟銑床改造市場作一點(diǎn)技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備，爭取獲得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。
本文對改造的做法做了詳細(xì)的說明。總體上不對機(jī)械系統(tǒng)作大的更改，只進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整、修復(fù)和維護(hù)，更換易損件；廢棄原有的老舊數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，依據(jù)改造要求選擇與購買新的主流數(shù)控系統(tǒng)取而代之；按照實(shí)際需要設(shè)置、調(diào)整、設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用軟件，使之符合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際；按照國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和生產(chǎn)任務(wù)需求進(jìn)行性能測試；通過試生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收。
研究過程中充分利用系統(tǒng)提供的技術(shù)手段，參考國內(nèi)外的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，考慮用戶的實(shí)際情況，完成系統(tǒng)的選擇與連接，進(jìn)行參數(shù)設(shè)置，對用戶程序進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、修改與開發(fā)，整機(jī)的調(diào)試與驗(yàn)收。文章中分層次對這些階段的工作內(nèi)容一一加以分析，在舊數(shù)控銑床改造這個(gè)新領(lǐng)域找到了一條新路。經(jīng)過試運(yùn)行的驗(yàn)證，這條路是切實(shí)可行的，能夠給有相似問題的企業(yè)一些新的啟發(fā)，也為市場提供一種新思路。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控銑床 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
XK714 CNC Milling Machine upgrading program design
Abstract
This article elaborated one kind carries on the transformation to the old numerical control milling machine the design and the project practice method, this method passed through the practical application confirmation, may use in the similar situation to the numerical control milling machine transformation practice.
The topic research choice milling machine re-equips in the domain, the old numerical control milling machine re-equips the topic which this asks about unusually; The object was aims at a numerical control system basic abandonment, the mechanical system still is at the available condition the old numerical control milling machine; The goal for transforms into it a function quite to be perfect, the operation is simple, causes its precision, the efficiency and the automaticity obtains promotes greatly, better adaptation new craft, new technical use; Advances together explores the new road which an old numerical control milling machine transforms, enable to have the high surplus value obsolete equipment to play the role, for opens the milling machine to transform the market to make a technological strength, strives for obtains the good economic efficiency and the social efficiency.
This article has given detailed showing to the transformation procedure.As a whole does not make the big change to the mechanical system, only carries on the suitable adjustment, the repair and the maintenance, replacement vulnerable; Abandons the original obsolete numerical control system, chooses based on the modification requirement and purchases the new mainstream numerical control system to displace; According to the actual need establishment, the adjustment, the design system application software, causes it to conform to the production reality; Carries on the performance test according to the national standards and the production task demand; Carries on the approval through the trial production.
In the research process fully the technical method which provides using the system, refers to the domestic and foreign advanced experiences, considered the user the actual situation, completes the system the choice and the connection, carries on the parameter establishment, carries on the design, the revision and the development to the user program, the complete machine debugging and the approval.In the article 11 analyzes in administrative levels to these stage work content, transformed this new domain in the old numerical control milling machine to find a new road.After tries the confirmation which moves, this road is practical and feasible, can give has similar question enterprise some new inspirations, also provides one kind of new mentality for the market.
Key Words：Numerical control milling machine; Control System Design ；
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒 論 1
1.1 課題研究的背景..... ............................................... 1
1.1.1課題研究的意義............................................... 1
1.1.2數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀......................................... 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀.................................................. 2
1.2.1國內(nèi)市場現(xiàn)狀................................................. 2
1.2.2數(shù)控化改造在國外的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀................................... 2
1.2.3當(dāng)前數(shù)控技術(shù)的基本情況....................................... 2
1.3 本文的主要內(nèi)容................................................... 3
1.3.1課題研究的目的與基本思想..................................... 3
1.3.2 課題研究的內(nèi)容與基本特點(diǎn).................................... 4
1.3.3 課題研究的步驟.............................................. 4
2系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1 改造對象的概況.................................................... 6
2.1.1 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)問題分析............................................ 6
2.1.2 電氣控制系統(tǒng)................................................ 6
2.2改造方案設(shè)計(jì)....................................................... 7
2.2.1 機(jī)械部分的處理方案.......................................... 7
2.2.2電氣控制系統(tǒng)的處理方案....................................... 7
2.2.3電柜......................................................... 8
2.3 CNC裝置的選型..................................................... 8
2.3.1 基本性能要求................................................ 8
2.3.2 主流CNC裝置性能比較與選型結(jié)論............................. 10
2.4 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)..................................................... 13
2.4.1 主軸驅(qū)動(dòng)單元............................................... 13
2.4.2 進(jìn)給驅(qū)動(dòng)單元............................................... 14
2.5 配電柜........................................................... 15
2.5.1 電源單元................................................... 15
2.5.2 電柜結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)............................................... 16
2.6 外設(shè)使用......................................................... 16
2.6.1 手持單元................................................... 16
3 系統(tǒng)連接與調(diào)試 17
3.1 各子系統(tǒng)調(diào)試..................................................... 17
3.1.1 通電檢查................................................... 17
3.1.2 各系統(tǒng)接線檢查............................................. 17
3.2 系統(tǒng)連接......................................................... 17
3.2.1 控制系統(tǒng)連接............................................... 17
3.2.2 控制系統(tǒng)與機(jī)床連接調(diào)試..................................... 18
3.3 試運(yùn)行........................................................... 19
3.3.1 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)鎖定時(shí)的試運(yùn)行..................................... 19
3.3.2 全系統(tǒng)空載試運(yùn)行........................................... 19
4 整機(jī)測試 21
4.1 整機(jī)性能測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)................................................. 21
4.2 整機(jī)測試......................................................... 21
4.2.1 狀態(tài)檢查................................................... 21
4.2.2 功能試驗(yàn)................................................... 22
4.2.3 精度檢驗(yàn)................................................... 23
4.2.4 結(jié)論....................................................... 25
5 總 結(jié) 26
參考文獻(xiàn) 27
致 謝 28
要進(jìn)行改造的數(shù)控銑床購置于1998年，是一臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)型立式數(shù)控銑床，型號XK714，產(chǎn)地為北京第三機(jī)床廠，購置費(fèi)用19.4萬元（98年價(jià)），基本配置：
數(shù)控系統(tǒng)：華中Ⅰ型（廠家自行開發(fā)，8位微處理器）。
驅(qū)動(dòng)單元：主軸驅(qū)動(dòng)使用SVF—552—380C變頻器調(diào)速，三相交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)；進(jìn)給驅(qū)動(dòng)使用PMM—BA—5602交流驅(qū)動(dòng)控制器和交流伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)；檢測元件使用編碼器，開環(huán)控制結(jié)構(gòu)。
開關(guān)量和動(dòng)作順序控制：使用繼電器—接觸器邏輯控制電路。
機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)：鑄鐵導(dǎo)軌，滾珠絲杠，有切削液供液裝置，外部手動(dòng)潤滑。
其它：9英寸單色CRT顯示器，按鍵式操作控制面板。
2.1.1 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)問題分析
系統(tǒng)剛性良好，主要機(jī)械部件各部分未見明顯變形；主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)嘈音過大，跳動(dòng)明顯，懷疑為主軸軸承組松動(dòng)，需要拆卸后方可真正確定故障原因及維修方法；進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)基本正常，部分部位有積塵和銹蝕現(xiàn)象，需要適當(dāng)維護(hù)；各運(yùn)動(dòng)部分潤滑嚴(yán)重缺乏，需要作全面的維護(hù)；松、夾刀裝置銹蝕嚴(yán)重；防護(hù)板完好。
2.1.2 電氣控制系統(tǒng)
（1）數(shù)控系統(tǒng)
系統(tǒng)本身完全損壞，無法啟動(dòng)；大部分接口老化，規(guī)格與新的HNC—21系統(tǒng)無法兼容，失去維修價(jià)值；操作面板有1/3左右的按鍵失靈，信號燈全部損壞；手搖脈沖發(fā)生器反應(yīng)不靈敏，懷疑內(nèi)部觸電存在問題；CRT顯示器損壞，無顯示；DNC無法使用，懷疑其軟件丟失；軟盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器正常。
（2） ...
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